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Federal preemption ：ウィキペディア英語版

Federal preemption
In the law of the United States, federal preemption is the invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with Federal law.
==Constitutional basis==
According to the Supremacy Clause (Article VI, clause 2) of the United States Constitution,

This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.

As the Supreme Court stated in ''Altria Group v. Good'', 555 U.S. 70 (2008), a federal law that conflicts with a state law will trump, or "preempt", that state law:

Consistent with that command, we have long recognized that state laws that conflict with federal law are "without effect." ''Maryland v. Louisiana'', 451 U. S. 725, 746 (1981)

Although many concurrent powers are subject to federal preemption, some are usually not, such as the power to tax private citizens.〔Zimmerman, Joseph. (The Initiative, Second Edition: Citizen Lawmaking ), p. 78 (SUNY Press, 2014).〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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